Grand Jury vs. Trial Jury: Differences and Similarities
Introduction
The legal system utilizes two distinct types of juries: grand juries and trial juries. While they share certain commonalities, these juries serve different purposes and operate under different procedures.
Functions and Procedures
Grand Jury
A grand jury is convened to investigate potential criminal conduct and determine if there is sufficient evidence to indict a person. The proceedings are private, and the jury hears evidence presented by the prosecutor. If the grand jury finds probable cause, it issues an indictment, which formally charges the accused with a crime.
Trial Jury
A trial jury is empaneled to hear evidence and determine the guilt or innocence of a person charged with a crime. The jury trial is public, and both the prosecution and defense present their cases. The jury deliberates and reaches a verdict based on the evidence presented.
Differences
Purpose: Grand juries determine probable cause, while trial juries determine guilt or innocence.
Confidentiality: Grand jury proceedings are private, while trial juries are public.
Number of Jurors: Grand juries typically consist of 16-23 jurors, while trial juries typically have 12 jurors.
Similarities
Impartiality: Both grand and trial jurors are required to be impartial and free from bias.
Oath: Jurors in both types of juries take an oath to follow the law and render a just verdict.
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